DNS is a service which is used to resolve host to IP address and zone records & configuration files.
MASTER DNS
There are two types of zonerecords
1) Forwad lookup zone
2) Reverse lookup zone
By defaults, computer connects to another computer with the help of IP address
Forward lookup zone : It converts names into IP addresses
Reverse lookup zone: It converts IP addresses to names
MASTER DNS
There are two types of zonerecords
1) Forwad lookup zone
2) Reverse lookup zone
By defaults, computer connects to another computer with the help of IP address
Forward lookup zone : It converts names into IP addresses
Reverse lookup zone: It converts IP addresses to names
Steps:
# yum install bind-* caching-nameserver*-y
# service named start
# chkconfig named on
# cd /var/named/chroot/etc
# ls
# cp named-caching-nameserver named.conf
# vi named.conf
delete ipv6 lines (line nos. 16 &22)
(line no15) Listen on port 53 {127.0.0.1; 192.168.0.254;}
(here 192.168.0.254 is server ip
(line no 21) allow-query 192.168.0.0/24 (clients range)
(line no 30) match-clients {local host; 192.168.0.0/24; } (here 192.168.0.0/24 is clients ip range & subnet mask)
(line no 31) match-destinations {localhost; 192.168.0.0/24;}
save&quit
# vi /etc/rfc1912.zones
copy ten lines from 21 to 31 and paste under 31
change as follows
zone "redhat.com" IN {
type master;
file "redhat.for"
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "0.168.192.IN-addr-arpa IN {
type master;
file "redhat.rev"
allow-update { none; };
};
(here redhat.com is domain name and 0.168.192. is redhat.coms network range redhat.for is forward look up zone & redhat.rev is reverse lookup zone)
save & quit
# chgrp named named.conf
# chgrp named named.rfc1912.zones
# cd /var/named/chroot/var/named
# cp localhost.zone redhat.for
# cp named.local redhat.rev
# vi redhat.for
change as follows
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA redhat.com. root.redhat.com. (
42 ; serial (d. adams)
3H ; refresh
15M ; retry
1W ; expiry
1D ) ; minimum
IN NS server1.redhat.com.
server1.redhat.com. IN A 192.168.0.254
www254.redhat.com. IN CNAME server1.redhat.com.
station1.redhat.com. IN A 192.168.0.1
www1.redhat.com. IN CNAME station1.redhat.com.
station2.redhat.com. IN A 192.168.0.2
www2.redhat.com. IN CNAME station2.redhat.com.
xxx2.redhat.com. IN CNAME station2.redhat.com.
yyy2.redhat.com. IN CNAME station2.redhat.com.
station3.redhat.com. IN A 192.168.0.3
www3.redhat.com. IN CNAME station3.redhat.com.
station4.redhat.com. IN A 192.168.0.4
www4.redhat.com. IN CNAME station4.redhat.com.
station5.redhat.com. IN A 192.168.0.5
www5.redhat.com. IN CNAME station5.redhat.com.
station6.redhat.com. IN A 192.168.0.6
www6.redhat.com. IN CNAME station6.redhat.com.
(zone: zone is a storage database which contains all zone records
forward lookup zone: used for resolving hostname to ipaddress & it maintains host to ip mapping information
reverse lookup zone: used for resolving ip address to hostname & it maintains ip to hostname mapping information
Types of records:
SOA : sort of authority the first record in any zone it indicates who is authority for this domain
NS :nameserver it identifies the dns server for each zone
A record : resolves hostname to ip address
CNAME record : resolves an alias name to a hostname
PTR record : resolves an ipaddress to a hostname
MX record : resolves mail server ip (used by mail server)
TTL :time to live)
save & quit
# vi redhat.rev
(change as follows)
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA redhat.com. root.redhat.com. (
1997022700 ; Serial
28800 ; Refresh
14400 ; Retry
3600000 ; Expire
86400 ) ; Minimum
IN NS server1.redhat.com.
254 IN PTR server1.redhat.com.
1 IN PTR station1.redhat.com.
2 IN PTR station2.redhat.com.
3 IN PTR station3.redhat.com.
4 IN PTR station4.redhat.com.
5 IN PTR station5.redhat.com.
6 IN PTR station6.redhat.com.
save & quit
# chgrp named redhat.for
# chgrp named redhat.rev
# service named restart
to check:
# dig server1.redhat.com
# dig -x 192.168.0.1
(if answer is 1 server is ready if answer is 0 server has some error)
to check error in configuration file
# named-checkconf redhat.com /var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf
to check errors in zone record
# named-checkzone redhat.com /var/named/chroot/var/named/redhat.for
# named-checkzone redhat.com /var/named/chroot/var/named/redhat.rev
SLAVE DNS
Master DNS Server
It is the Master Copy of all the Zone Information.
It is Read/Write copy.
Slave DNS Server
It is Slave Backup of Master zone. It is Read Only
if any error may occur to your dns server at the time the entir network will stop.sometimes it may cause huge damage.for that one we are createing slave dns for faulttolerance and load balancing.
we need another system which contains server o/s
Steps:
# yum install bind-* caching-nameserver -y
# service named start
# chkconfig named on
# cd /var/named/chroot/etc/named-rfc1912.zone
(change as follows)
copy 10 lines from 21 to 31 paste under 31
zone "redhat.com"
type slave;
file "redhat.for"
masters {192.168.0.254:};
zone "0.168.192. IN-ADDR-arpa" IN {
type slave ;
file " redhat.rev"
masters {192.168.0.254;};
save& quit
#service named restart
go to client
# vi /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 192.168.0.254
nameserver 192.168.0.1 (slave dns ip)
FORWARDERS
If you have trusted relationship with another company those comapny users can enter into our network & our company users can enter into their network by using this forwarders
Steps:
in master dns server
# vi /var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf
add aline
forwarders {192.168.10.254:};
forward only ;
};
(here 192.168.10.254 is trusted companies dns)
save & quit
# service named restart
